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Wasserstoff aus erneuerbaren Energien als alternative Energiequelle ist vielversprechend. Die Nutzung von Wasserstoff könnte eine Schlüsselrolle in der zukünftigen Energieversorgung spielen, insbesondere angesichts seiner hohen Energiedichte und der Möglichkeiten zur umweltfreundlichen Herstellung. Die Herausforderungen und Potenziale in diesem Bereich sind sicherlich ein interessantes Feld für weitere Diskussionen und Entwicklungen.
*Bei Interesse eine Einschätzung zu H2 in der e-mobility und Ausblick auf den Energiemix (ich arbeite in der Elektronik für e-mob und new energy), Quelle: Lemo Connected, Winter 2023:
Interview mit Prof. Jan van Herle on H2-Mobility (selected parts):
Electric cars have been highly successful, and they don’t emit CO2. So, what’s the use of exploring an alternative solution? This was the naive question addressed to Jan Van Herle, an expert in electrolyses and fuel cells, researcher, and professor at the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne).
Professor Van Herle, aren’t electric cars sufficient for clean mobility ?
Jan Van Herle : Current electric batteries are not the perfect solution. Their repeated charging and discharging cycles negatively impact their durability. Besides, recharging takes too long, which is not practical for the users. Their weight increases proportionately with the required autonomy and so you quickly reach a limit : it is hardly efficient to embark battery weighing several hundreds of kilos, part of which will never be used. Moreover, lithium resources are limited and will end up lacking. The use of hydrogen would mitigate some of these problems.
(...)
What is the fuel cell/battery proportion ?
Manufacturers adapt the proportion according to their intentions. Typically, it is fifty-fifty. A Hyundai Nexo is an almost purely hydro- gen car : it has a battery, but it is the 5 kg of H2 on board that drives it over 500 km.
The solution is still in its early days, is it performing enough ?
For example ?
We can’t “ store ” the excess electricity produced by a 2 MW wind tur- bine in the electricity grid, but we can put an electrolyser at the foot of the wind turbine, which will use electricity to produce hydrogen, which can then be stored and used later. We still need to improve the various solutions for storing and transporting H2, which repre- sents a heavy weight in the overall energy balance of this solution. However, scientists and politicians are pushing for large electroly- sis capacities. Gigafactories of electrolysers are being considered to capture green energy and transform it into hydrogen...
(...)
What is required to boost this development even further ? Technological innovation or policy?
Both. A transition of this kind can’t happen without strong politi- cal will. Technologically speaking, nothing is ever finished: the com- bustion engine has been around for 150 years, and billions are still injected every year to improve it... For fuel cells, we need to find ways of reducing the use of platinum. Because it’s expensive, limited, polluting to extract and fragile to source (90% in South Africa, with Russia in the second place...).
In conclusion, what is your vision of the future of hydrogen-pow- ered vehicles ? Will they become dominant ?
No, they won’t. They will coexist with various complementary solutions. Electric batteries seem to be the best solution for light vehicles - bicycles, motorbikes, cars, etc. Fuel cells for heavier vehicles - com- mercial vehicles, lorries, boats, trains, etc. For very heavy vehicles and for covering large distances (crossing an ocean, etc.), fuel cells pose a storage problem, so liquid fuels will be used because their energy density is better. Ammonia and methanol are being considered, and we need hydrogen to produce them! Green mobility will need all these technologies.
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